Code: TOE	Time Slot/Poster Number: 4:00 -4:30 pm	Session: Biomedical Applications
Non-invasive and Minimally Invasive Raman Spectroscopic Diagnostics for Musculoskeletal Tissue Disorders
Michael D. Morris
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Summary
We describe methodology for non-invasive and minimally invasive Raman spectroscopic diagnostics for bone and cartilage disorders. Non-invasive bone Raman spectroscopy and tomography are feasible and the resulting spectra may contain osteoporosis fracture risk information. Prospective human subject studies of this application are underway. At present non-invasive synovial fluid spectroscopy is not feasible. Instead diagnostic information on early stage osteoporosis is obtained from spectra of synovial fluid drawn from the affected joints. Good sensitivity and specificity has already been demonstrated in fluid from human subjects. Prospects for improved perfomance will be discussed.

Code: TOE	Time Slot/Poster Number: 4:30 - 5:00 pm	Session: Biomedical Applications
Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Single Cells
Juergen Popp1, 2; Benjamin Dietzek1, 2; Michael Schmitt1; Christoph Krafft2; Robert Moeller1, 2; Petra Roesch1
1Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany; 2Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany
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Summary
Here we present our latest results concerning the application of Raman microspectroscopy in combination with innovative chemometrics to characterize biological cells. The first part deals with the application of micro-Raman spectroscopy to identify microbial contaminations while the main focus within the second part of this presentation is concerned with Raman studies on eukaryotic cells where we will report about the development of an algorithm to differentiate between breast cancer cells and normal epithelial cells.

Code: TOE	Time Slot/Poster Number: 5:00 - 5:20 pm	Session: Biomedical Applications
Noninvasive, In-Vivo, Tissue Modulated Near Infrared Spectroscopy of Fingertips: Resonance Raman Spectrum of Human Hemoglobin
Joseph Chaiken1; Jerry Goodisman1; Bin Deng1; Rebecca Bussjager2; George Shaheen2
1Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY; 2LighTouch Medical, Inc, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Summary
Tissue modulation refers to using external stimuli such as mechanical pressure and temperature to produce various spatiotemporal distributions of blood and conceivably other fluids in tissues. Having the capacity to execute tissue modulation allows forms of difference spectroscopy to be used to isolate spectroscopic signals from specific components of the tissues noninvasively and in vivo. We present spectra for all limiting forms of tissue modulation and show prototypical spectra that include fluorescence Rayleigh/Mie and Raman scattering. Certain limiting forms contain resonance Raman features of hemoglobin.

Code: TOE	Time Slot/Poster Number: 5:20 - 5:40 pm	Session: Biomedical Applications
Raman Spectroscopy for Biomedical Diagnosis
Pradeep Gupta; Shovan Majumder; Raktim Dasgupta
Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, India
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Summary
We present the results of our studies on the use of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for in vivo diagnosis of the cancer of oral cavity and for discriminating Red Blood Cells (RBCs) from healthy volunteers (NRBCs) and patients suffering from malaria (IRBCs). A probability based multi-class discrimination algorithm was developed which could classify squamous cell carcinoma, oral sub-mucous fibrosis, leukoplakia and normal squamous tissue sites of human oral cavity with a predictive accuracy of 92%, 84%%, 87%, and 93% respectively. The differences observed in the mean Raman spectrum for NRBCs and IRBCs suggest a reduced haemoglobin-oxygen affinity for the IRBCs.

Code: TOE	Time Slot/Poster Number: 5:40 - 6:00 pm	Session: Biomedical Applications
Development of a Polarized Raman Spectroscopic Probe for Caries Assessment
Lin-P'ing Choo-Smith1; Eric Marple2; Mark Hewko1
1National Research Council Canada, Winnipeg, Canada; 2Emvision LLC, Loxahatchee, FL
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Summary
A novel optical technology involving optical coherence tomography (OCT) and polarized Raman spectroscopy (PRS) is being developed for early caries detection and assessment. For this technology to be used clinically, a probe is required for intra-oral use. A key challenge is to miniaturize the optics and components for incorporation into a dental handpiece tool. Initial studies using a prototype PRS probe indicate that the current compact design can be used for acquiring parallel- and cross-polarized Raman spectra of human teeth, with the apatite peak of interest clearly visible. Further studies are required to characterize the PRS probe for caries assessment.