Code: ThP11	Time Slot/Poster Number: 058	Session: Raman Imaging
Structural Characterization of Chitosan-Clay Nanocomposite
Czeslawa Paluszkiewicz1; Aleksandra Weselucha-Birczynska2; Ewa Stodolak1
1University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland; 2Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Krakow, Poland
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Summary
Novel materials originating from renowable sources mainly consist of biopolymers and their composites or nanocomposites. A typical material belonging to this group is chitosane, which is a cationic natural polysaccharide. Chitosane has a variety of applications in biomedical products, cosmetics, and food processing. Organic-inorganic hybrid materials basing on chitosane and nanoclay (montmoryllonite) were characterized by the vibrational spectrocopy methods (Micro-Raman and FT-Raman spectroscopy) and the thermal analysis methods (TG, DSC). It was shown, that small amount on a nanofiller used to modify the polymer matrix influences the structure of its polymeric chains.

Code: ThP11	Time Slot/Poster Number: 059	Session: Raman Imaging
Surface Selective Raman Microscopy With Total Internal Reflection Illumination
Chris Michaels
NIST, Gaithersburg, MD
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Summary
A Raman microscope utilizing a custom ZnSe solid immersion lens (SIL) was utilized to record spectra of a 250 nm thick film of the organic conductor PEDOT:PSS. The use of TIR illumination greatly increases the surface selectivity reducing spectral interference from underlying layers. Enhanced lateral resolution is realized due to the immersion effect of the SIL, while TIR illumination through the SIL yields a nominal sampling depth of 200 nm. This leads to a decrease in the sampling volume of approximately a factor of 100 compared to typical confocal systems. Image acquisition in this configuration is also demonstrated.

Code: ThP11	Time Slot/Poster Number: 060	Session: Raman Imaging
Quantitative CARS Spectral Imaging of a Single Living Cell in the Fingerprint Region
Masanari Okuno1; Hideaki Kano1; Philippe Leproux2; Vincent Couderc2; James Day3; Mischa Bonn3; Hiro-o Hamaguchi1, 4
1The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 2Institut de Recherche XLIM, UMR CNRS, Limoges, France; 3FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 4National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Summary
CARS microspectroscopy combined with MEM has realized label-free, high-speed and quantitative molecular mapping of a single living cell in the fingerprint region (CARS molecular fingerprinting). We have succeeded in obtaining more than 10 vibrationally resonant Im[chi^(3)] images of a livinig yeast cell in the fingerprint region

Code: ThP11	Time Slot/Poster Number: 061	Session: Raman Imaging
Cryopreservation of Biological Systems – A Confocal Raman Microscopy Study
Jinping Dong; Allison Hubel; John Bischof; Alptekin Aksan
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Summary
Successful preservation of biological systems such as therapeutic proteins and mammalian cells finds wide application in pharmaceutical industry and many other fields. However, the basic mechanism of lyo-/cryostabilization of proteins and more complex organisms have not been fully established. In this study, we have employed Confocal Raman microscopy to quantify the phase separation and molecular activity of the protein solutions as well as cells during freezing process. It was found that the phase behavior of the protein solution and the intracellular ice formation of the cells were related to the cooling rate, ice nucleation temperature, and the addition of cryoprotectant.

Code: ThP11	Time Slot/Poster Number: 062	Session: Raman Imaging
Raman Spectral Imaging – Expanding Capabilities to Fulfill Application Requirements
Richard Larsen1; Yoshiko Kubo2; Ken-ichi Akao2; Masaki Yumoto2; Toshiyuki Nagoshi2; Yusei Okhubo2
1Jasco, Inc., Easton, MD; 2Jasco Corporation, Hachioji, Japan
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Summary
Raman imaging is competing with infrared imaging technology for efficient, high-speed sample analysis. Currently, Raman imaging is considered to be a bit slower than infrared imaging and there are several methods in use to enhance Raman imaging efficiency. This paper will explore the SPRIntS high-speed imaging technology and the various imaging methods that can be used with this technology. Several experiments will be presented, expanding upon the capabilities of this high-speed imaging method.

Code: ThP11	Time Slot/Poster Number: 063	Session: Raman Imaging
Identification And Determination Of Concentration Of Salts In Natural Waters By Raman Spectroscopy Using Artificial Neural Networks
Sergey Burikov1; Sergey Dolenko2; Tatiana Dolenko1; Igor Persiantsev2
1Moscow State University, Physics Department, Moscow, Russia; 2D.V.Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia
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Summary
Method of identification and determination of concentration of inorganic salts in water media over spectra of Raman scattering using artificial neural networks was elaborated and approved

Code: ThP11	Time Slot/Poster Number: 064	Session: Raman Imaging
Dynamic Raman/SERS Imaging of Living Cells by Slit-Scanning Microscopy
Katsumasa Fujita; Masaya Okada; Jun Ando; Hiroshi Kasai; Nicholas Smith; Satoshi Kawata
Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Summary
We developed a slit-scanning Raman microscope where the image acquisition time was improved to trace biological activities of a cell. The slit-scanning Raman microscope illuminates a sample with a line-shaped focus and measure Raman spectra from multiple points in the sample simultaneously, which drastically reduces the image acquisition time of the microscope. With the microscope developed, dynamics of molecules, such as cytochrome, protein, and lipids were clearly observed with the frame rate of several minutes. We also applied the technique to observe SERS images from gold nanoparticles in a living macrophage with the temporal resolution about 30 seconds.

Code: ThP11	Time Slot/Poster Number: 065	Session: Raman Imaging
Non-invasive Imaging of Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiation via Formation of Embryoid Bodies
Evgenia Zuser
Northeastern University, Boston, MA
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Summary
Understanding ES cell development and proliferation could provide information about the regulation of embryonic development as well as knowledge to exploit ES cells’ therapeutic potential. We propose a Raman micro-spectroscopy method to characterize the ES cells colonies and to monitor the differentiation process of ES cell colony maturation. This rapid and non-invasive spectroscopic technique allows us to monitor sub-cellular changes of diverse cellular components. Moreover Raman micro-spectroscopy in synergy with multivariate data analysis methods has been shown to be a powerful approach for analyzing hyperspectral data sets.

Code: ThP11	Time Slot/Poster Number: 066	Session: Raman Imaging
Double Wall Carbon Nanotubes as a Molecular Sensor in Polymer Composites
Victoria Tishkova1; Pascal Puech1; Philippe Demont2; Emmanuel Flahaut3; Wolfgang Bacsa1
1CEMES/CNRS 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, Toulouse, France; 2LPP, CIRIMAT, Université Paul Sabatier,, Toulouse, France; 3LCMIE, CIRIMAT, UMR CNRS 5085 Université Paul Sab, Toulouse, France
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Summary
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) can be used to produce new composite materials with enhanced properties, but for the manufacturing the main challenge is homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in polymer. Double wall (DW) nanotubes have been used as an ideal nano-sensor to analyze the dispersion of DWs in a polymer matrix. We find that if the DWs are well dispersed, the G band of the outer tube is up shifted when compared with the inner tubes. Using Raman image analysis, we also compare our results with electronic transport measurements.

Code: ThP11	Time Slot/Poster Number: 067	Session: Raman Imaging
High Resolution Wide Field Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
Yang-Hyo Kim1; Daekeun Kim1; Shyamsunder Erramilli2; Peter So1
1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; 2Boston University, Boston, MA
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Summary
We present a novel super-resolution approach based on incorporating stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) contrast into a standing-wave (SW) total internal reflection microscope. However, there is an inherent difficulty in implementing SW-SRS microscopy. Stimulated Raman gain, SRG, is a weak modulation of the intensity of the Stokes beam. And low ratio of SRG to Stokes beam intensity is challenging for wide field imaging with area detectors, such as CCD cameras, with limited dynamic range. To overcome this difficulty, we improve SRG to Stokes beam ratio by utilizing mJ pulses from a regenerative amplifier and destructive interference of the Strokes beam background.

Code: ThP11	Time Slot/Poster Number: 068	Session: Raman Imaging
Raman Microspectroscopy Mapping Of Chocolate
Iain Larmour; Karen Faulds; Duncan Graham
Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Summary
Raman microspectroscopy mapping has been applied to the analysis of chocolate samples. Rapid large area mapping was carried out at 532 nm and 785 nm. White chocolate samples were mapped with no special experimental alterations; milk chocolate samples were more difficult due to inherent fluorescence and sample damage. Raman maps of white chocolate showed that the fats formed a matrix within which lactose and sucrose particles were embedded. Raman microspectroscopy allowed these particles to be sized and chemically assigned unambiguously.

Code: ThP11	Time Slot/Poster Number: 069	Session: Raman Imaging
high lateral resolution analysis of stresses in silver thin films by means of Raman microscopy
Thomas Wermelinger
Institute of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Summary
We present a Raman microscopy-based method to map stresses in a silver thin film with a resolution in the sub-micrometer range by using a thin single crystalline silicon membrane as a strain gage material. Mappings were performed for membranes ranging from 44 nm, to 220 nm before and after thermal anneal, which led to dewetting of the thin film. The measured stress levels were observed to correlate to the island thickness and grain boundaries. Morover, the solid state dewetting was found to correlate to the thickness of the silicon membrane and consequently the stress levels present during the dewetting.

Code: ThP11	Time Slot/Poster Number: 070	Session: Raman Imaging
3D Confocal Raman Imaging
Ute Schmidt; Fernando Vargas; Andrea Jauss; Thomas Dieing; Olaf Hollricher
WITec GmbH, Ulm, Germany
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Summary
Confocal Raman Imaging can be used to reconstruct three dimensional images from micro-objects, leading to a 3D distribution of various chemical species in a well defined sample volume. The fast acquisition of such 3D Raman images (less then 30 minutes for a stack of 23 Raman images) is the result of improved microscopic and spectroscopic equippment.